Repurposing antiviral drugs, typically nucleoside analogs, has proven successful at inhibiting virus replication. This review summarizes current information regarding presents the broad clinical consequences of SARS-CoV-2 activation of the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor expressed in different human cell types.

This review provides an introduction to an array of topics that pertain to different states of pandemic acuity: interpandemic preparedness, alert, surge activity, recovery and relapse through the literature and experience of recent pandemics including COVID-19, H1N1, Ebola, and SARS.

National governance may have influenced the response of institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic, being a key factor in preparing for the next pandemics. The objective was to analyze the association between excess mortality due to COVID-19 (daily and cumulative per 100 thousand people) and national governance indicators in 213 countries.

The COVID variants Pirola (BA.2.86) as well as Eris (EG.5.1) are spreading faster and faster. Especially Pirola which seems to be even more easily transmissible than all other Corona mutations.

The aim of this review is to summarize the different techniques available for the study of the immune responses after exposure or vaccination against SARS-CoV-2, showing their advantages and limitations, and proposing suitable combinations of different techniques to achieve extensive information in these studies. Photo credit: National Institute of Allergy and...

A Joint Letter to all WHO Member States: Now is the time to agree on a pandemic accord which safeguards everyone from pandemic threats. As eyes now focus on the Geneva processes to negotiate a pandemic accord and amend the International Health Regulations, the encourage WHO Member States to take...

Researchers are actively pursuing the development of next-generation and universal influenza vaccines to provide comprehensive protection against potential pandemic subtypes or strains. This review outlines the critical challenges and advancements in research and development (R&D) and highlights the improvements in regulatory responses for influenza vaccines.

Downloadable guide from the World Health Organization, created by the Technical Advisory Group on SARS-CoV-2 Virus Evolution.

After the third year of the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the severe COVID-19 burden falls upon immunocompromised patients who cannot mount an endogenous immune response after both vaccination and/or natural infection. In this narrative review, the authors show that combinations of either small molecule antivirals or small molecule antiviral plus passive...